Transmission statistics in nonconservative disordered optical medium

TL;DR

This paper derives the statistical properties of electromagnetic energy transmission in one-dimensional disordered media with absorption or amplification, revealing how fluctuations vary with these effects and connecting to known transmission distributions.

Contribution

It introduces a Keldysh nonlinear sigma-model approach to analyze energy current fluctuations in disordered media with absorption or gain, extending existing theoretical frameworks.

Findings

Fluctuations decrease with absorption

Fluctuations increase with amplification

In conservative media, fluctuations relate to Dorokhov's distribution

Abstract

We determine the cumulants of electromagnetic energy transmitted through one-dimensional disordered medium with absorption or amplification. For this purpose we derive the Keldysh nonlinear sigma-model action with a source term that generates the energy current fluctuations. The fluctuations over the ensemble of disorder realizations are found to decrease (increase) with increasing absorption (amplification). In the conservative medium the fluctuations can be related to the Dorokhov's distribution of transmission coefficients.