The Formation of Eccentric Compact Binary Inspirals and the Role of Gravitational Wave Emission in Binary-Single Stellar Encounters

TL;DR

This paper investigates how dynamical interactions in dense stellar environments can produce eccentric binary inspirals through gravitational wave emission, highlighting a new formation channel for such systems.

Contribution

It introduces an analytical and numerical framework to estimate the cross section for dynamical inspirals resulting from binary-single scatterings, emphasizing the role of gravitational wave losses.

Findings

Cross section for dynamical inspirals scales as a^{2/7} for equal-mass binaries.

Eccentric inspirals constitute about 1% of all dynamically assembled mergers.

Binary-single scatterings are more effective than single-single captures in forming eccentric inspirals.

Abstract

The inspiral and merger of eccentric binaries leads to gravitational waveforms distinct from those generated by circularly merging binaries. Dynamical environments can assemble binaries with high eccentricity and peak frequencies within the {\it LIGO} band. In this paper, we study binary-single stellar scatterings occurring in dense stellar systems as a source of eccentrically-inspiraling binaries. Many interactions between compact binaries and single objects are characterized by chaotic resonances in which the binary-single system undergoes many exchanges before reaching a final state. During these chaotic resonances, a pair of objects has a non-negligible probability of experiencing a very close passage. Significant orbital energy and angular momentum are carried away from the system by gravitational wave (GW) radiation in these close passages and in some cases this implies an inspiral time shorter than the orbital period of the bound third body. We derive the cross section for such dynamical inspiral outcomes through analytical arguments and through numerical scattering experiments including GW losses. We show that the cross section for dynamical inspirals grows with increasing target binary semi-major axis, $a$, and that for equal-mass binaries it scales as $a^{2/7}$. Thus, we expect wide target binaries to predominantly contribute to the production of these relativistic outcomes. We estimate that eccentric inspirals account for approximately one percent of dynamically assembled non-eccentric merging binaries. While these events are rare, we show that binary-single scatterings are a more effective formation channel than single-single captures for the production of eccentrically-inspiraling binaries, even given modest binary fractions.