Hawking temperature and the emergent cosmic space

TL;DR

This paper models the evolution of cosmic space using thermodynamical parameters and the concept of emergent space, deriving cosmological equations from thermodynamics and horizon degrees of freedom.

Contribution

It introduces a thermodynamics-based approach to model cosmic space emergence, deriving key equations from horizon thermodynamics and degrees of freedom.

Findings

Raychaudhuri equation derived from thermodynamical parameters

Generalized evolutionary equation supports emergent cosmic space

Standard cosmological equations adapted for emergent perspective

Abstract

The aim of this work is to model the evolution of the cosmic space based on thermodynamical parameters. The universe is considered to have an apparent horizon radius with a Kodama-Hayward temperature assigned to it. The method is founded on the fact proposed by Padmanabhan [1,2] that the subtraction of the surface and bulk degrees of freedom provides information on the cosmic space emergence. The fact of the matter is that in this approach the Raychaudhuri equation could even be obtained by the consideration of only thermodynamical parameters. As such, the standard general relativity is taken as the starting point where by implementing the standard cosmological equations we obtain a generalized evolutionary equation supporting emergence of the cosmic space. The method proposed in this work would provide basis for other cosmological models to have an emergent perspective.