Elliptic flow splitting as a probe of the QCD phase structure at finite baryon chemical potential

TL;DR

This study investigates how mean-field potentials in partonic and hadronic phases influence elliptic flow differences between particles and antiparticles, providing insights into the QCD phase structure at finite baryon chemical potential.

Contribution

It introduces a combined transport model using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio framework to analyze elliptic flow splitting in heavy-ion collisions at finite baryon density.

Findings

Reproduces measured flow differences with a vector coupling constant 0.5-1.1 times the scalar coupling

Suggests the importance of mean-field potentials in understanding QCD phase structure

Provides constraints on the vector coupling in the NJL model

Abstract

Using a partonic transport model based on the 3-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and a relativistic hadronic transport model to describe, respectively, the evolution of the initial partonic and the final hadronic phase of heavy-ion collisions at energies carried out in the Beam-Energy Scan program of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, we have studied the effects of both the partonic and hadronic mean-field potentials on the elliptic flow of particles relative to that of their antiparticles. We find that to reproduce the measured relative elliptic flow differences between nucleons and antinucleons as well as between kaons and antikaons requires a vector coupling constant as large as 0.5 to 1.1 times the scalar coupling constant in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Implications of our results in understanding the QCD phase structure at finite baryon chemical potential are discussed.