Charge without charge in quarks

TL;DR

This paper explores a gauge transformation approach that replaces electric charge in quarks with field configurations, revealing limitations of traditional charge densities and uncovering simple relations between Coulomb and weak potentials.

Contribution

It introduces a gauge transformation framework that allows classical quarks to be described without explicit electric charge, highlighting new potential relations and limitations in charge density models.

Findings

Solutions for Coulomb potentials apply individually to quarks in a shell structure.

A simple relation between Coulomb and weak potentials is identified.

Limitations of usual electric charge densities for single particles are demonstrated.

Abstract

With appropriate gauge transformations, field can replace electric charge in quarks. Classical quarks, in a necessary non-gauge invariant formulation, are used for illustration, bringing to the fore the limitations of the usual electric charge densities for single particles in Coulomb equations. The results are encouraging; the solutions for the Coulomb potentials apply individually to each quark in a shell structure. A remarkably simple relation emerges between the Coulomb and weak potentials.