Growth and fragmentation of centimetre-sized dust aggregates: the dependence on aggregate size and porosity

TL;DR

This study uses 3D simulations to examine how dust aggregate size and porosity influence their ability to survive collisions, revealing that porosity and mass ratio significantly affect fragmentation thresholds and growth potential.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the impact of aggregate porosity and mass ratio on collision outcomes, highlighting the importance of porosity levels below 37% for growth.

Findings

Porosity >37% weakens aggregates and reduces growth regimes.

Higher threshold velocities occur in collisions between different mass objects.

Growth can occur at velocities up to 27.5 m/s.

Abstract

We carry out three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of spherical homogeneous SiO2 dust aggregates to investigate how the mass and the porosity of the aggregates affects their ability to survive an impact at various different collision velocities (between 1 - 27.5m/s). We explore how the threshold velocities for fragmentation vary with these parameters. Crucially, we find that the porosity plays a part of utmost importance in determining the outcome of collisions. In particular, we find that aggregates with filling factors >37% are significantly weakened and that the velocity regime in which the aggregates grow is reduced or even non-existent (instead, the aggregates either rebound off each other or break apart). At filling factors less than ~37% we find that more porous objects are weaker but not as weak as highly compact objects with filling factors >37%. In addition we find that (for a given aggregate density) collisions between very different mass objects have higher threshold velocities than those between very similar mass objects. We find that fragmentation velocities are higher than the typical values of 1m/s and that growth can even occur for velocities as high as 27.5m/s. Therefore, while the growth of aggregates is more likely if collisions between different sized objects occurs or if the aggregates are porous with filling factor <37%, it may also be hindered if the aggregates become too compact.