Scanning nano-SQUID with single electron spin sensitivity

TL;DR

This paper reports the development of ultra-sensitive nano-SQUIDs with 46 nm diameter, achieving near single-electron spin detection sensitivity, enabling advanced nanoscale magnetic imaging and single-spin scanning probe microscopy.

Contribution

The authors present a novel fabrication of nano-SQUIDs with significantly improved spin sensitivity and operational magnetic field range, enabling single-electron spin detection at the nanoscale.

Findings

Flux noise as low as 50 nΦ0/Hz^1/2

Spin sensitivity of 0.38 μB/Hz^1/2

Operation at magnetic fields up to 1 Tesla

Abstract

One of the critical milestones in the intensive pursuit of quantitative nanoscale magnetic imaging tools is achieving the level of sensitivity required for detecting the field generated by the spin magnetic moment {\mu}B of a single electron. Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which were traditionally the most sensitive magnetometers, could not hitherto reach this goal because of their relatively large effective size (of the order of 1 {\mu}m). Here we report self-aligned fabrication of nano-SQUIDs with diameters as small as 46 nm and with an extremely low flux noise of 50 n{\Phi}0/Hz^1/2, representing almost two orders of magnitude improvement in spin sensitivity, down to 0.38 {\mu}B/Hz^1/2. In addition, the devices operate over a wide range of magnetic fields with 0.6 {\mu}B/Hz^1/2 sensitivity even at 1 T. We demonstrate magnetic imaging of vortices in type II superconductor that are 120 nm apart and scanning measurements of AC magnetic fields down to 50 nT. The unique geometry of these nano-SQUIDs that reside on the apex of a sharp tip allows approaching the sample to within a few nm, which paves the way to a new class of single-spin resolved scanning probe microscopy.