Magnetic arms generated by multiple interfering galactic spiral patterns

TL;DR

This paper extends galactic dynamo models to include multiple interfering spiral patterns, revealing complex magnetic structures, transient features, and new symmetry properties in large-scale galactic magnetic fields.

Contribution

The study generalizes the mean-field dynamo model to incorporate multiple spiral patterns, showing their impact on magnetic arm morphology and symmetry in galaxies.

Findings

Magnetic arms can be stronger and more extended with multiple patterns.

Transient features like bifurcations and armlets are produced.

Some models show m=1 azimuthal symmetry in magnetic fields.

Abstract

Interfering two- and three-arm spiral patterns have previously been inferred to exist in many galaxies and also in numerical simulations, and invoked to explain important dynamical properties, such as lack of symmetry, kinks in spiral arms, and star formation in armlets. The non-axisymmetric galactic mean-field dynamo model of Chamandy et al. is generalized to allow for such multiple co-existing spiral patterns in the kinetic alpha_k effect, leading to the existence of magnetic spiral arms in the large-scale magnetic field with several new properties. The large-scale magnetic field produced by an evolving superposition of two- and three-arm (or two- and four-arm) patterns evolves with time along with the superposition. Magnetic arms can be stronger and more extended in radius and in azimuth when produced by two interfering patterns rather than by one pattern acting alone. Transient morphological features arise in the magnetic arms, including bifurcations, disconnected armlets, and temporal and spatial variation in arm strength and pitch angles. Pitch angles of the large-scale magnetic field and magnetic arm structures (ridges) are smaller than those typically inferred from observations of spiral galaxies for model parameters of Chamandy et al., but can become comparable to typically inferred values for certain (still realistic) parameters. The magnetic field is sometimes strongest in between the alpha_k-arms, unlike in standard models with a single pattern, where it is strongest within the alpha_k-arms. Moreover, for models with a two- and three-arm pattern, some amount of m=1 azimuthal symmetry is found to be present in the magnetic field, which is generally not the case for forcing by single two- or three-arm patterns. (abridged)