Spin Relaxation due to Charge Noise

TL;DR

This paper investigates how charge noise causes spin relaxation in quantum dot electron spins, revealing that charge noise can dominate decoherence at low magnetic fields and providing numerical estimates for different materials.

Contribution

It demonstrates that charge noise induces pure relaxation rather than dephasing in spin qubits, with implications for quantum dot material choices and magnetic field regimes.

Findings

Charge noise leads to pure relaxation channel of decoherence.

Spin relaxation rate can dominate over phonon noise at low magnetic fields.

Numerical estimates of relaxation times: 100 s in Si, 0.1 s in GaAs, 10 μs in InAs quantum dots.

Abstract

We study decoherence of an electron spin qubit in a quantum dot due to charge noise. We find that at the lowest order, the pure dephasing channel is suppressed for both $1/f$ charge noise and Johnson noise, so that charge noise leads to a pure relaxation channel of decoherence. Because of the weaker magnetic field dependence, the spin relaxation rate due to charge noise could dominate over phonon noise at low magnetic fields in a gate-defined GaAs or Si quantum dot or a InAs self-assembled quantum dot. Furthermore, in a large InAs self-assembled quantum dot, the spin relaxation rate due to phonon noise could be suppressed in high magnetic field, and the spin relaxation due to charge noise could dominate in both low and high magnetic field. Numerically, in a 1 Tesla field, the spin relaxation time due to typical charge noise is about $100$ s in Si, $0.1$ s in GaAs for a gate-defined quantum dot with a $1$ meV confinement, and $10$ $\mu$s in InAs self-assembled quantum dot with a $4$ meV confinement.