Kondo hybridisation and the origin of metallic states at the (001) surface of SmB6

TL;DR

This study investigates the electronic band structure of SmB6, revealing the nature of metallic states and emphasizing the importance of Kondo hybridisation in understanding its topological properties, guiding future high-resolution ARPES research.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that the k-space characteristics of Kondo hybridisation are crucial to understanding metallic states in SmB6 and highlights the need for ultrahigh resolution ARPES to confirm topological surface states.

Findings

Bulk metallic state due to chemical potential position

Weak metallic state as a candidate for topological surface state

Hybridisation gaps are renormalised by a factor of 2-3 compared to theory

Abstract

SmB6, a well-known Kondo insulator, has been proposed to be an ideal topological insulator with states of topological character located in a clean, bulk electronic gap, namely the Kondo hybridisation gap. Seeing as the Kondo gap arises from many body electronic correlations, this would place SmB6 at the head of a new material class: topological Kondo insulators. Here, for the first time, we show that the k-space characteristics of the Kondo hybridisation process is the key to unravelling the origin of the two types of metallic states observed directly by ARPES in the electronic band structure of SmB6(001). One group of these states is essentially of bulk origin, and cuts the Fermi level due to the position of the chemical potential 20 meV above the lowest lying 5d-4f hybridisation zone. The other metallic state is more enigmatic, being weak in intensity, but represents a good candidate for a topological surface state. However, before this claim can be substantiated by an unequivocal measurement of its massless dispersion relation, our data raises the bar in terms of the ARPES resolution required, as we show there to be a strong renormalisation of the hybridisation gaps by a factor 2-3 compared to theory, following from the knowledge of the true position of the chemical potential and a careful comparison with the predictions from recent LDA+Gutzwiler calculations. All in all, these key pieces of evidence act as triangulation markers, providing a detailed description of the electronic landscape in SmB6, pointing the way for future, ultrahigh resolution ARPES experiments to achieve a direct measurement of the Dirac cones in the first topological Kondo insulator.