Magnetically Controlled Circulation on Hot Extrasolar Planets

TL;DR

This paper investigates how magnetic fields influence atmospheric circulation on hot exoplanets, revealing that strong magnetic fields suppress day-night flows and promote zonal jets, based on analytical and simulation studies.

Contribution

It demonstrates that magnetic forces significantly alter atmospheric circulation patterns on hot exoplanets, challenging previous purely hydrodynamical models.

Findings

Magnetic fields can destabilize axisymmetric circulation patterns.

Strong magnetic fields suppress day-night flows.

Zonal jets dominate in highly magnetized atmospheres.

Abstract

Through the process of thermal ionization, intense stellar irradiation renders Hot Jupiter atmospheres electrically conductive. Simultaneously, lateral variability in the irradiation drives the global circulation with peak wind speeds of order ~ km/s. In turn, the interactions between the atmospheric flows and the background magnetic field give rise to Lorentz forces that can act to perturb the flow away from its purely hydrodynamical counterpart. Using analytical theory and numerical simulations, here we show that significant deviations away from axisymmetric circulation are unstable in presence of a non-negligible axisymmetric magnetic field. Specifically, our results suggest that dayside-to-nightside flows, often obtained within the context of three-dimensional circulation models, only exist on objects with anomalously low magnetic fields, while the majority of highly irradiated exoplanetary atmospheres are entirely dominated by zonal jets.