LPCH and UDLPCH: Location-aware Routing Techniques in WSNs

TL;DR

This paper introduces two location-aware clustering routing protocols, LPCH and UDLPCH, which improve energy efficiency, stability, and throughput in wireless sensor networks by strategic cluster head selection.

Contribution

The paper proposes two novel location-aware clustering protocols, LPCH and UDLPCH, enhancing energy distribution and network performance over traditional methods like LEACH.

Findings

LPCH outperforms LEACH in stability and throughput.

UDLPCH further improves stability and throughput over LPCH.

Network lifetime is extended with the proposed protocols.

Abstract

Wireless sensor nodes along with Base Station (BS) constitute a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Nodes comprise of tiny power battery. Nodes sense the data and send it to BS. WSNs need protocol for efficient energy consumption of the network. In direct transmission and minimum transmission energy routing protocols, energy consumption is not well distributed. However, LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is a clustering protocol; randomly selects the Cluster Heads (CHs) in each round. However, random selection of CHs does not guarantee efficient energy consumption of the network. Therefore, we proposed new clustering techniques in routing protocols, Location-aware Permanent CH (LPCH) and User Defined Location-aware Permanent CH (UDLPCH). In both protocols, network field is physically divided in to two regions, equal number of nodes are randomly deployed in each region. In LPCH, number of CHs are selected by LEACH algorithm in first round. However in UDLPCH, equal and optimum number of CHs are selected in each region, throughout the network life time number of CHs are remain same. Simulation results show that stability period and throughput of LPCH is greater than LEACH, stability period and throughput of UDLPCH is greater than LPCH.