Prevalence of the sling effect for enhancing collision rates in turbulent suspensions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how turbulence enhances particle collision rates, focusing on the sling effect, and finds that it is the primary contributor for particles with significant inertia.

Contribution

The study numerically quantifies the collision rate dependence on particle size and density, highlighting the dominance of the sling effect in collision enhancement.

Findings

Sling effect is the main cause of collision rate increase at high turbulence.

Collision rate depends strongly on particle density and size.

Turbulence-induced clustering has a lesser impact compared to the sling effect.

Abstract

Turbulence facilitates collisions between particles suspended in a turbulent flow. Two effects have been proposed which can enhance the collision rate at high turbulence intensities: 'preferential concentration' (a clustering phenomenon) and the 'sling effect' (arising from the formation of caustic folds in the phase-space of the suspended particles). We have determined numerically the collision rate of small heavy particles as a function of their size and densities. The dependence on particle densities reveals that the enhancement by turbulence of the collision rate of particles with significant inertia is due almost entirely to the sling effect.