The specific frequency and the globular cluster formation efficiency in Milgromian dynamics

TL;DR

This paper investigates how globular cluster formation efficiency varies with galaxy mass in Milgromian dynamics, revealing a non-universal relation that differs from traditional dark matter-based models.

Contribution

It derives the specific frequency and formation efficiency of globular clusters as functions of virial mass within Milgromian dynamics, highlighting differences from dark matter interpretations.

Findings

In Milgromian dynamics, $M_{GC}$ depends on $M_{vir}$ in a two-component manner.

For galaxies with $M_{vir} <= 10^{12} M_{sun}$, $ta$ decreases as $M_{vir}$ increases.

For galaxies with $M_{vir} > 10^{12} M_{sun}$, $ta$ increases with $M_{vir}$.

Abstract

Previous studies of globular cluster (GC) systems show that there appears to be a universal specific GC formation efficiency $\eta$ which relates the total mass of GCs to the virial mass of host dark matter halos, $M_{vir}$ (Georgiev et al 2010, Spitler & Forbes2009). In this paper, the specific frequency, $S_N$, and specific GC formation efficiency, $\eta$, are derived as functions of $M_{vir}$ in Milgromian dynamics, i.e., in modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). In Milgromian dynamics, for the galaxies with GCs, the mass of the GC system, $M_{GC}$, is a two-component function of $M_{vir}$ instead of a simple linear relation. An observer in a Milgromian universe, who interprets this universe as being Newtonian/Einsteinian, will incorrectly infer a universal constant fraction between the mass of the GC system and a (false) dark matter halo of the baryonic galaxy. In contrast to a universal constant of $\eta$, in a Milgromian universe, for galaxies with $M_{vir} <= 10^{12}\msun$, $\eta$ decreases with the increase of $M_{vir}$, while for massive galaxies with $M_{vir}>10^{12}\msun$, $\eta$ increases with the increase of $M_{vir}$.