Controlling Intensity and Phase of Terahertz Radiation with an Optically Thin Liquid Crystal-Loaded Metamaterial
O. Buchnev, J. Wallauer, M. Walther, M. Kaczmarek, N. I. Zheludev, and, V. A. Fedotov

TL;DR
This paper demonstrates a method to actively control the intensity and phase of terahertz radiation using a liquid crystal-loaded metamaterial, achieving significant modulation with low voltage.
Contribution
It introduces an innovative approach combining liquid crystals with metamaterials for efficient terahertz wave modulation.
Findings
20% reversible transmission change
40-degree phase shift at 20 V
Large-area planar device demonstrated
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate intensity and phase modulation of terahertz radiation using actively controlled large-area planar metamaterial (metafilm) hybridized with a 12 um thick layer of a liquid crystal. Active control was introduced through in-plane electrical switching of the liquid crystal, which enabled us to achieve a reversible single-pass absolute transmission change of 20 % and a phase change of 40 deg at only 20 V.
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