Evolution and pulsation period change in the Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids

TL;DR

This study combines stellar evolution and pulsation models to estimate period change rates in LMC Cepheids, finding good agreement with observations and revealing how these rates vary across different evolutionary stages and pulsation modes.

Contribution

It provides the first consistent theoretical estimates of period change rates in LMC Cepheids using combined stellar evolution and nonlinear pulsation calculations.

Findings

Period change rates are quadratic functions of evolution time.

Fundamental mode Cepheids with Mzams >= 7M_ pulsate with nearly doubled ff",

Theoretical period change rates agree well with observational data within uncertainties.

Abstract

Theoretical estimates of the pulsation period change rates in LMC Cepheids are obtained from consistent calculation of stellar evolution and nonlinear stellar pulsation for stars with initial chemical composition X=0.7, Z=0.008, initial masses 5M_\odot <= Mzams <= 9M_\odot and pulsation periods ranged from 2.2 to 29 day. The Cepheid hydrodynamical models correspond to the evolutionary stage of thermonuclear core helium burning. During evolution across the instability strip in the HR diagram the pulsation period of Cepheids is the quadratic function of the evolution time for the both fundamental mode and first overtone. Cepheids with initial masses Mzams >= 7M_\odot pulsate in the fundamental mode and the period change rate \dot\Pi varies nearly by a factor of two for both crossings of the instability strip. In the period -- period change rate diagram the values of the period and \dot\Pi concentrate within the strips, their slope and half--width depending on both the direction of the movement in the HR--diagram and the pulsation mode. For oscillations in the fundamental mode the half-widths of the strip are \delta\log\dot\Pi = 0.35 and \delta\log\dot\Pi = 0.2 for the first and the second crossings of the instability strip, respectively. Results of computations are compared with observations of nearly 700 LMC Cepheids. Within existing observational uncertainties of \dot\Pi the theoretical dependences of the period change rate on the pulsation period are in a good agreement with observations.