An azimuthal asymmetry in the LkHa 330 disk

TL;DR

This study presents millimeter-wave observations of the LkHa 330 disk revealing a significant azimuthal asymmetry, likely caused by unseen low-mass companions, highlighting the role of dynamical interactions in transitional disk structures.

Contribution

The paper provides the first detailed millimeter-wave imaging of the LkHa 330 disk's asymmetry and links it to potential dynamical interactions with unseen companions, advancing understanding of disk morphology.

Findings

Detected a lopsided dust ring with a 2-fold intensity variation.

Model suggests the asymmetry is a 90-degree azimuthal arc.

Simulations indicate possible influence of low-mass companions.

Abstract

Theory predicts that giant planets and low mass stellar companions shape circumstellar disks by opening annular gaps in the gas and dust spatial distribution. For more than a decade it has been debated whether this is the dominant process that leads to the formation of transitional disks. In this paper, we present millimeter-wave interferometric observations of the transitional disk around the young intermediate mass star LkHa330. These observations reveal a lopsided ring in the 1.3 mm dust thermal emission characterized by a radius of about 100 AU and an azimuthal intensity variation of a factor of 2. By comparing the observations with a Gaussian parametric model, we find that the observed asymmetry is consistent with a circular arc, that extends azimuthally by about 90 deg and emits about 1/3 of the total continuum flux at 1.3 mm. Hydrodynamic simulations show that this structure is similar to the azimuthal asymmetries in the disk surface density that might be produced by the dynamical interaction with unseen low mass companions orbiting within 70 AU from the central star. We argue that such asymmetries might lead to azimuthal variations in the millimeter-wave dust opacity and in the dust temperature, which will also affect the millimeter-wave continuum emission. Alternative explanations for the observed asymmetry that do not require the presence of companions cannot be ruled out with the existing data. Further observations of both the dust and molecular gas emission are required to derive firm conclusions on the origin of the asymmetry observed in the LkHa330 disk.