Interactions and charge fractionalization in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer

TL;DR

This paper investigates how interactions in an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer cause charge fractionalization and decoherence, reducing the indistinguishability of electron wavepackets and explaining experimental observations of diminished interference contrast.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical model showing how co-propagating edge state interactions lead to charge fractionalization and decoherence, affecting the HOM interference signal.

Findings

Interactions reduce the HOM signal contrast.

Charge and neutral modes interfere, creating satellite features.

The model explains recent experimental results.

Abstract

We consider an electronic analog of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer, where two single electrons travel along opposite chiral edge states and collide at a Quantum Point Contact. Studying the current noise, we show that because of interactions between co-propagating edge states, the degree of indistinguishability between the two electron wavepackets is dramatically reduced, leading to reduced contrast for the HOM signal. This decoherence phenomenon strongly depends on the energy resolution of the packets. Insofar as interactions cause charge fractionalization, we show that charge and neutral modes interfere with each other, leading to satellite dips or peaks in the current noise. Our calculations explain recent experimental results [E. Bocquillon, et al., Science 339, 1054(2013)] where an electronic HOM signal with reduced contrast was observed.