Quantum systems of ultra-cold bosons with customized inter-particle interactions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the shape of inter-particle interactions influences the ground state properties of ultra-cold bosons, revealing universal multi-hump fragmentation caused by strong repulsion across various trap configurations.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the role of interaction shape in ultra-cold bosonic systems and demonstrates the universality of ground state fragmentation due to repulsive interactions.

Findings

Strong repulsion causes multi-hump fragmentation of the ground state.

Fragmentation occurs across different trap geometries and interaction potentials.

The phenomenon is universal for broad classes of repulsive interactions.

Abstract

Recent progress in cooling and trapping of polarized clouds of chromium $^{52}Cr$, dysprosium $^{164}Dy$ and erbium $^{168}Er$ opens a road-map to quantum systems where shapes of inter-particle interactions can be customized. The main purpose of this work is to get a deeper insight on a role which the overall shape of the inter-particle interaction plays in a context of trapped ultra-cold bosons. We show that strong inter-particle repulsion inevitably leads to multi-hump fragmentation of the ground state. The fragmentation phenomenon is universal -- it takes place in traps of different dimensionality and topologies and for very broad classes of repulsive inter-particle potentials. The physics behind is identified and explained.