Robert de Montessus de Ballore's 1902 theorem on algebraic continued fractions : genesis and circulation

TL;DR

This paper explores the historical development and dissemination of Robert de Montessus de Ballore's 1902 theorem on the convergence of Padé approximants, highlighting its scientific context and influence among mathematicians.

Contribution

It provides a detailed historical analysis of the theorem's genesis and circulation, including correspondence and references by key mathematicians, revealing the theorem's impact and dissemination.

Findings

The theorem was quickly circulated among mathematicians after its discovery.

Correspondence with Henri Padé was crucial in the theorem's development.

Numerous references by Nörlund and Perron indicate widespread recognition.

Abstract

Robert de Montessus de Ballore proved in 1902 his famous theorem on the convergence of Pad\'e approximants of meromorphic functions. In this paper, we will first describe the genesis of the theorem, then investigate its circulation. A number of letters addressed to Robert de Montessus by different mathematicians will be quoted to help determining the scientific context and the steps that led to the result. In particular, excerpts of the correspondence with Henri Pad\'e in the years 1901-1902 played a leading role. The large number of authors who mentioned the theorem soon after its derivation, for instance N\"orlund and Perron among others, indicates a fast circulation due to factors that will be thoroughly explained.