Phenomenology of Dirac Neutralino Dark Matter

TL;DR

This paper explores the unique phenomenology of Dirac neutralino dark matter in R-symmetric supersymmetric models, highlighting its relic abundance, detection prospects, and differences from Majorana dark matter.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of Dirac neutralino dark matter, including relic abundance calculations and detection signatures, in R-symmetric supersymmetric models.

Findings

Bino-like Dirac neutralinos with 10-380 GeV mass can account for observed dark matter density.

Dirac neutralinos predominantly annihilate into leptonic final states without chirality suppression.

Large spin-independent scattering cross sections make Dirac neutralinos promising for direct detection.

Abstract

In supersymmetric models with an unbroken R-symmetry (rather than only R-parity), the neutralinos are Dirac fermions rather than Majorana. In this article, we discuss the phenomenology of neutralino dark matter in such models, including the calculation of the thermal relic abundance, and constraints and prospects for direct and indirect searches. Due to the large elastic scattering cross sections with nuclei predicted in R-symmetric models, we are forced to consider a neutralino that is predominantly bino, with very little higgsino mixing. We find a large region of parameter space in which bino-like Dirac neutralinos with masses between 10 and 380 GeV can annihilate through slepton exchange to provide a thermal relic abundance in agreement with the observed cosmological density, without relying on coannihilations or resonant annihilations. The signatures for the indirect detection of Dirac neutralinos are very different than predicted in the Majorana case, with annihilations proceeding dominately to $\tau^+ \tau^-$, $\mu^+ \mu^-$ and $e^+ e^-$ final states, without the standard chirality suppression. And unlike Majorana dark matter candidates, Dirac neutralinos experience spin-independent scattering with nuclei through vector couplings (via $Z$ and squark exchange), leading to potentially large rates at direct detection experiments. These and other characteristics make Dirac neutralinos potentially interesting within the context of recent direct and indirect detection anomalies. We also discuss the case in which the introduction of a small Majorana mass term breaks the $R$-symmetry, splitting the Dirac neutralino into a pair of nearly degenerate Majorana states.