Scrambling in the Black Hole Portrait

TL;DR

This paper explores how black holes, modeled as Bose-Einstein condensates of gravitons, rapidly scramble information due to quantum criticality, with scrambling time scaling logarithmically with the number of constituents.

Contribution

It links quantum criticality in a Bose-Einstein model to efficient information scrambling in black holes, providing a simple prototype for the phenomenon.

Findings

Scrambling time scales as log N with the number of constituents.

Quantum criticality enhances entanglement generation.

Model demonstrates rapid information scrambling in black hole analogs.

Abstract

Recently a quantum portrait of black holes was suggested according to which a macroscopic black hole is a Bose-Einstein condensate of soft gravitons stuck at the critical point of a quantum phase transition. We explain why quantum criticality and instability are the key for efficient generation of entanglement and consequently of the scrambling of information. By studying a simple Bose-Einstein prototype, we show that the scrambling time, which is set by the quantum break time of the system, goes as $\log N \,$ for $N$ the number of quantum constituents or equivalently the black hole entropy.