Krypton-85 in the atmosphere

TL;DR

This study measures and analyzes the levels of Krypton-85 in the atmosphere over Russia from 1971 to 1995, compares it with Western Europe, and predicts future concentrations, highlighting the importance of continued monitoring.

Contribution

It provides long-term measurement data of 85Kr in Russia's atmosphere and compares it with Europe, offering predictions and emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring.

Findings

85Kr levels in Russia are 15% lower than in Western Europe.

Projected 85Kr concentration in Europe by 2030 is 1.5-3 Bq/m³.

Estimated 180 TBq of 85Kr released per ton of spent nuclear fuel.

Abstract

Measurement results are presented on 85Kr content in the atmosphere over the European part of Russia in 1971-1995 based on the analysis of the commercial krypton, which is separated from air by industrial plants. Our results are by 15 per cent lower then 85Kr activites observed over West Europe. According our prediction by 2030 85Kr content in the atmosphere over Europe will amount to 1,5-3 Bq in m3 air. Average 85Kr release to the atmosphere from regeneration of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is estimated, some 180 TBq per a ton SNF. It is advisable to recommence monitoring of 85Kr content within Russia.