Trapping effect of periodic structures on the thermodynamic properties of Fermi and Bose gases

TL;DR

This paper investigates how periodic structures like multilayers and nanotubes influence the thermodynamic properties of ideal Bose and Fermi gases, revealing dimensional crossovers and anomalous chemical potential behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces a model of gases in periodic potentials and analyzes their thermodynamic behavior across different dimensions and wall penetrabilities.

Findings

Fermionic chemical potential shows anomalous non-decreasing behavior with temperature.

Dimensional crossovers from 3D to 2D and 1D are observed at high temperatures.

Thermodynamic properties are significantly affected by the structure's penetrability and geometry.

Abstract

We report the thermodynamic properties of Bose and Fermi ideal gases immersed in periodic structures such as penetrable multilayers or multitubes simulated by one (planes) or two perpendicular (tubes) external Dirac comb potentials, while the particles are allowed to move freely in the remaining directions. Although the bosonic chemical potential is a constant for $T < T_c$, a non decreasing with temperature anomalous behavior of the fermionic chemical potential is confirmed and monitored as the tube bundle goes from 2D to 1D when the wall impenetrability overcomes a critical value. In the specific heat curves dimensional crossovers are very noticeable at high temperatures for both gases, where the system behavior goes from 3D to 2D and latter to 1D as the wall impenetrability is increased.