Dipole anisotropy in sky brightness and source count distribution in radio NVSS data

TL;DR

This study analyzes the dipole anisotropy in NVSS radio data, revealing a larger-than-expected anisotropy amplitude and suggesting intrinsic cosmic anisotropy aligned with the CMBR dipole.

Contribution

The paper introduces an improved method for analyzing sky brightness and source counts, accounting for deviations from pure power law behavior and clustering effects.

Findings

Dipole anisotropy amplitude exceeds CMBR-based predictions.

Estimated local motion speed is roughly three times the CMBR value.

Results indicate possible intrinsic cosmic anisotropy aligned with CMBR dipole.

Abstract

We study the dipole anisotropy in number counts and flux density weighted number counts {or sky brightness} in the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) data. The dipole anisotropy is expected due to our local motion with respect to the CMBR rest frame. We analyse data with an improved fit to the number density, n(S), as a function of the flux density S, which allows deviation from a pure power law behaviour. We also impose more stringent cuts to remove the contribution due to clustering dipole. In agreement with earlier results, we find that the amplitude of anisotropy is significantly larger in comparison to the prediction based on CMBR measurements. The extracted speed is found to be roughly 3 times the speed corresponding to CMBR. The significance of deviation is smaller, roughly 2 sigma, in comparison to earlier estimates. For the cut, S>30 mJy, the speed is found to be $1110\pm370$ Km/s using the source count analysis. The direction of the dipole anisotropy is found to be approximately in agreement with CMBR. We find that the results are relatively insensitive to the lower as well as upper limit imposed on the flux density. Our results suggest that the Universe is intrinsically anisotropic with the axis of anisotropy axis pointing roughly towards the CMBR dipole direction. Finally we present a method which may allow an independent extraction of the local speed and an intrinsic dipole anisotropy, provided a larger data set becomes available in future.