A type of localized quadripartite entanglement

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new measure for localized quadripartite entanglement, showing how measurements on one subsystem can enhance tripartite entanglement and establishing its properties and implications.

Contribution

It proposes a novel entanglement monotone for localized quadripartite entanglement and analyzes its presence in standard states and its relation to monogamy.

Findings

The entanglement measure can be increased by measurements on the fourth subsystem.

The measure is non-zero in GHZ states and zero in W states.

A new monogamy relation for quadripartite entanglement is constructed.

Abstract

In this paper, we show that the average three-tangle of the reduced tripartite density matrix for some quadripartite pure states can be increased by some potential measurements on the fourth subsystem, which means this type of quadripartite entanglement can be localized. In particular, we prove that the maximal increment with all potential measurements taken into account is a quadripartite entanglement monotone, so it quantifies this localized quadripartite entanglement. By analyzing quadripartite pure states based on the previous classification, we find that this quadripartite entanglement monotone is not only present in the standard GHZ state and absent in the standard W states. In addition, based on the proposed entanglement measure, we construct a new monogamy relation.