The dynamical status of ZwCl 2341.1+0000: a very elongated galaxy structure with a complex radio emission

TL;DR

This study investigates the complex dynamical state of galaxy system ZwCl 2341.1+0000, revealing multiple subclusters, a filamentary structure, and diffuse radio emission, indicating ongoing merging activity and a post-core-core merger phase.

Contribution

The paper provides a detailed multi-wavelength analysis of ZwCl 2341.1+0000, combining spectroscopic, optical, and X-ray data to uncover its complex substructure and radio emission origins.

Findings

Identification of at least four optical subclusters.

Detection of a filamentary, elongated galaxy distribution.

Evidence of a merger in a post-core-core phase.

Abstract

We study the dynamical status of the galaxy system ZwCl 2341.1+0000, a filamentary multi-Mpc galaxy structure associated with a complex diffuse radio emission. Our analysis is mainly based on new spectroscopic data for 128 galaxies acquired at the TNG telescope. We also use optical data available in the SDSS and X-ray data from the Chandra archive. We select 101 cluster member galaxies and compute the cluster redshift <z>~0.2693 and the global LOS velocity dispersion ~1000 km/s. Our optical analysis agrees with the presence of at least three, likely four or more, optical subclusters causing the SSE-NNW elongation of the galaxy distribution and a significant velocity gradient in the S-N direction. In particular, we detect an important low-velocity subclump in the southern region, roughly coincident with the brightest peak of the diffuse radio emission but with a clear offset between the optical and radio peaks. We also detect one (or two) optical subcluster(s) at north, in correspondence with the second brightest radio emission, and another one in the central cluster region, where a third diffuse radio source has been recently detected. A more refined analysis involving the study of the 2D galaxy distribution suggests an even more complex structure. As for the X-ray analysis, we confirm the SSE-NNW elongation of the intracluster medium and detect four significant peaks. The X-ray emission is strongly asymmetric and offsetted with respect to the galaxy distribution, thus suggesting a merger caught in the phase of post-core-core passage. Our findings support two possible hypotheses for the nature of the diffuse radio emission of ZwCl 2341.1+0000: a 2 relics+halo scenario or diffuse emission associated with the infall and merging of several galaxy groups during the first phase of the cluster formation.