Multi-path multi-component self-accelerating beams through spectrum-engineered position mapping

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel spectral phase gradient concept for designing self-accelerating beams with customizable trajectories, demonstrated through theoretical analysis and experiments, expanding beam engineering capabilities.

Contribution

The work presents a spectrum-to-distance mapping method for generating complex self-accelerating beams, including non-paraxial and vectorial types, advancing beam shaping techniques.

Findings

Successfully generated various self-accelerating beams with predetermined trajectories.

Demonstrated non-paraxial Airy beam breakup and alternative beam geometries.

Validated the approach for vectorial wavefronts, maintaining predicted trajectories.

Abstract

We introduce the concept of spatial spectral phase gradient, and demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, how this concept could be employed for generating single- and multi-path self-accelerating beams. In particular, we show that the trajectories of the accelerating beams are determined a priori by different key spatial frequencies through direct spectrum-to-distance mapping. In the non-paraxial regime, our results clearly illustrate the breakup of Airy beams from a different perspective, and demonstrate how circular, elliptic or hyperbolic accelerating beams can be created by judiciously engineering the spectral phase. Furthermore, we found that the accelerating beams still follow the predicted trajectory also for vectorial wavefronts. Our approach not only generalizes the idea of Fourier-space beam engineering along arbitrary convex trajectories, but also offers new possibilities for beam/pulse manipulation not achievable through standard direct real-space approaches or by way of time-domain phase modulation.