Quantum liquids resulted from the models with four-fermion interaction

TL;DR

This paper investigates quantum liquids formed from four-fermion interaction models, analyzing phase transitions and stability issues relevant to ultrarelativistic heavy ion collision experiments.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of quantum liquid models with four-fermion interactions and discusses the stability of quark droplets and phase coexistence.

Findings

Presence of gas-liquid phase transition in models

Instability of small quark droplets linked to chiral solitons

Proposed mixed phase of vacuum and baryon matter for stability

Abstract

A (nearly) perfect liquid discovered in the experements with ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is investigated by studying the quark ensembles with four-fermion interection as a fundamental theoretical approach. The comparative analysis of several quantum liquid models is performed and it results in the conclusion that the presence of gas---liquid phase transition is their characteristic feature. The problem of instability of the quark droplets of small quark number is discussed and argued to be rooted in the chiral soliton formation. An existence of mixed phase of the vacuum and baryon matter is proposed as a possible reason of the latter stability.