Internal bremsstrahlung signatures in light of direct dark matter searches

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the current and future prospects of detecting internal bremsstrahlung signatures of dark matter through gamma-ray and direct detection experiments, highlighting the complementarity and limitations of upcoming instruments.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of internal bremsstrahlung signals in a minimal dark matter model, comparing gamma-ray and direct detection sensitivities and future experimental prospects.

Findings

Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. limits extend from tens of GeV to tens of TeV.

XENON100 limits dominate over gamma-ray constraints for light quark couplings.

CTA and XENON1T are complementary in probing different mass and splitting regimes.

Abstract

Although proposed long ago, the search for internal bremsstrahlung signatures has only recently been made possible by the excellent energy resolution of ground-based and satellite-borne gamma-ray instruments. Here, we investigate thoroughly the current status of internal bremsstrahlung searches in light of the results of direct dark matter searches and in the framework of a minimal mass-degenerate scenario consisting of a Majorana dark matter particle that couples to a fermion and a scalar via a Yukawa coupling. The upper limits on the annihilation cross section set by Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. extend uninterrupted from tens of GeV up to tens of TeV and are rather insensitive to the mass degeneracy in the particle physics model. In contrast, direct searches are best in the moderate to low mass splitting regime, where XENON100 limits overshadow Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. up to TeV masses if dark matter couples to one of the light quarks. In our minimal scenario we examine carefully the prospects for GAMMA-400, CTA and XENON1T, all planned to come online in the near future, and find that: (a) CTA and XENON1T are fully complementary, with CTA most sensitive to multi-TeV masses and mass splittings around 10%, and XENON1T probing best small mass splittings up to TeV masses; and (b) current constraints from XENON100 already preclude the observation of any spectral feature with GAMMA-400 in spite of its impressive energy resolution, unless dark matter does not couple predominantly to light quarks. Finally, we point out that, unlike for direct searches, the possibility of detecting thermal relics in upcoming internal bremsstrahlung searches requires, depending on the concrete scenario, boost factors larger than 5-10.