Topological Symmetry Groups of M\"{o}bius Ladders

TL;DR

This paper classifies all possible orientation-preserving topological symmetry groups of embeddings of M"{o}bius ladder graphs in three-dimensional space.

Contribution

It provides a complete classification of symmetry groups for M"{o}bius ladder embeddings in $S^3$, advancing understanding of graph symmetries in topology.

Findings

Complete list of symmetry groups identified

Classification applies to all embeddings of M"{o}bius ladders

Enhances understanding of topological graph symmetries

Abstract

We classify all groups which can occur as the orientation preserving topological symmetry group of some embedding of a M\"{o}bius ladder graph in $S^3$.