Anomalous g-Factors for Charged Leptons in a Fractional Coarse-Grained Approach

TL;DR

This paper explores how fractional calculus can explain the anomalous g-factors of charged leptons by modeling space-time as fractional, providing a new theoretical approach that aligns with experimental data without complex QED calculations.

Contribution

It introduces a fractional Dirac equation derived from fractional Weyl equations and formulates a fractional gauge invariance, offering a novel explanation for lepton g-factor anomalies.

Findings

Derived explicit fractional g-factor expressions matching experimental values.

Proposed fractional space-time as a factor in lepton interaction differences.

Established a fractional gauge invariance framework for charged leptons.

Abstract

In this work, we investigate aspects of the electron, muon and tau gyromagnetic ratios (g-factor) in a fractional coarse-grained scenario, by adopting a Modified Riemann-Liouville (MRL) fractional calculus. We point out the possibility of mapping the experimental values of the specie's g-factors into a theoretical parameter which accounts for fractionality, without computing higher-order QED calculations. We wish to understand whether the value of (g-2) may be traced back to a fractionality of space-time.The justification for the difference between the experimental and the theoretical value g=2 stemming from the Dirac equation is given in the terms of the complexity of the interactions of the charged leptons, considered as pseudo-particles and "dressed" by the interactions and the medium. Stepwise, we build up a fractional Dirac equation from the fractional Weyl equation that, on the other hand, was formulated exclusively in terms of the helicity operator. From the fractional angular momentum algebra, in a coarse-grained scenario, we work out the eigenvalues of the spin operator. Based on the standard electromagnetic current, as an analogy case, we write down a fractional Lagrangian density, with the electromagnetic field minimally coupled to the particular charged lepton. We then study a fractional gauge-like invariance symmetry, formulate the covariant fractional derivative and propose the spinor field transformation. Finally, by taking the non-relativistic regime of the fractional Dirac equation, the fractional Pauli equation is obtained and, from that, an explicit expression for the fractional g-factor comes out that is compared with the experimental CODATA value. Our claim is that the different lepton species must probe space-time by experiencing different fractionalities, once the latter may be associated to the effective interactions of the different families with the medium.