Dynamical symmetry breaking with optimal control: reducing the number of pieces

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that optimal control techniques can significantly reduce defect formation during dynamical phase transitions, aligning with Kibble-Zurek predictions and ensuring robustness against fluctuations.

Contribution

It introduces an optimal control approach to minimize defects in dynamical symmetry breaking, improving upon traditional power-law protocols.

Findings

Optimal control reduces defect number significantly.

The protocol aligns with Kibble-Zurek theory predictions.

Robustness against small fluctuations is confirmed.

Abstract

We analyse the production of defects during the dynamical crossing of a mean-field phase transition with a real order parameter. When the parameter that brings the system across the critical point changes in time according to a power-law schedule, we recover the predictions dictated by the well-known Kibble-Zurek theory. For a fixed duration of the evolution, we show that the average number of defects can be drastically reduced for a very large but finite system, by optimising the time dependence of the driving using optimal control techniques. Furthermore, the optimised protocol is robust against small fluctuations.