Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): galaxy radial alignments in GAMA groups

TL;DR

This study investigates the radial alignments of satellite galaxies in groups from the GAMA survey, finding weak signals that challenge dark matter simulation predictions and suggest baryon-dark matter misalignments.

Contribution

It provides the first observational constraints on satellite galaxy radial alignments in GAMA groups, highlighting discrepancies with dark matter simulations and implications for weak lensing systematics.

Findings

Weak radial alignment signals detected, significant when using Sersic fits.

Observed alignments conflict with dark matter N-body simulation predictions.

Intrinsic alignments could bias weak lensing mass estimates by about -1% with large uncertainty.

Abstract

We constrain the distributions of projected radial alignment angles of satellite galaxy shapes within the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey group catalogue. We identify the galaxy groups using spectroscopic redshifts and measure galaxy projected ellipticities from Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging. With a sample of 3,850 groups with 13,655 satellite galaxies with high quality shape measurements, we find a less than 2-sigma signal of radial alignments in the mean projected ellipticity components and the projected position angle when using galaxy shape estimates optimized for weak lensing measurements. Our radial alignment measurement increases to greater than 3-sigma significance relative to the expectation for no alignments if we use 2-D S\'ersic model fits to define galaxy orientations. Our weak measurement of radial alignments is in conflict with predictions from dark matter N-body simulations, which we interpret as evidence for large mis-alignments of baryons and dark matter in group and cluster satellites. Within our uncertainties, that are dominated by our small sample size, we find only weak and marginally significant trends of the radial alignment angle distributions on projected distance from the group centre, host halo mass, and redshift that could be consistent with a tidal torquing mechanism for radial alignments. Using our lensing optimized shape estimators, we estimate that intrinsic alignments of galaxy group members may contribute a systematic error to the mean differential projected surface mass density of groups inferred from weak lensing observations by -1 +/- 20% at scales around 300 kpc/h from the group centre assuming a photometric redshift r.m.s. error of 10%, and given our group sample with median redshift of 0.17 and median virial masses ~10^{13} h^{-1}M_{sun}.