Energetic stability of coreless vortices in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with conserved magnetization

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that conserved magnetization in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates can stabilize coreless vortices, revealing a new mechanism for topological defect stability and deformation in quantum fluids.

Contribution

It introduces a novel stabilization mechanism for coreless vortices via magnetization conservation in spinor condensates.

Findings

Conservation of magnetization stabilizes coreless vortices in polar condensates.

A composite topological defect forms with distinct inner and outer structures.

Weak magnetization destabilizes vortices in the ferromagnetic phase.

Abstract

We show that conservation of longitudinal magnetization in a spinor condensate provides a stabilizing mechanism for a coreless vortex phase-imprinted on a polar condensate. The stable vortex can form a composite topological defect with distinct small- and large-distance topology: the inner ferromagnetic coreless vortex continuously deforms toward an outer singular, singly quantized polar vortex. A similar mechanism can also stabilize a nonsingular nematic texture in the polar phase. A weak magnetization is shown to destabilize a coreless vortex in the ferromagnetic phase.