Black hole wind speeds and the M-sigma relation

TL;DR

This paper derives a theoretical relation between supermassive black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion based on energy feedback, infers historical wind speeds from galaxy data, and finds similarities with observed AGN outflows.

Contribution

It introduces a model linking black hole wind speeds to the M-sigma relation and infers historical wind velocities from galaxy observations, aligning with observed AGN outflows.

Findings

Derived M_bh-sigma relation of M_bh v_w ∝ sigma^5.

Inferred wind speeds have a median of 0.035 c.

Distribution of inferred wind speeds matches observed AGN outflows.

Abstract

We derive an M_bh-sigma relation between supermassive black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion in galaxy bulges, that results from self-regulated, energy-conserving feedback. The relation is of the form M_bh v_w \propto sigma^5, where v_w is the velocity of the wind driven by the black hole. We take a sample of quiescent early-type galaxies and bulges with measured black hole masses and velocity dispersions and use our model to infer the wind speeds they would have had during an active phase. This approach, in effect, translates the scatter in the observed M_bh-sigma relation into a distribution of v_w. There are some remarkable similarities between the distribution of black hole wind speeds that we obtain and the distributions of outflow speeds observed in local AGN, including a comparable median of v_w = 0.035 c.