Generating mid-IR octave-spanning supercontinua and few-cycle pulses with solitons in phase-mismatched quadratic nonlinear crystals

TL;DR

This paper presents a new method for generating broad mid-IR supercontinua and few-cycle pulses using phase-mismatched cascaded second-harmonic generation in nonlinear crystals, enabling advanced ultrafast laser applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach leveraging phase-mismatched cascaded SHG and identifies optimal materials with large nonlinearities and bandgaps for mid-IR supercontinuum generation.

Findings

Achieved pulse compression from 50 fs to 15 fs at 3.0 μm

Generated a 3-cycle dispersive wave at 5.0 μm

Produced supercontinua spanning nearly 4 octaves from near-IR to mid-IR

Abstract

We discuss a novel method for generating octave-spanning supercontinua and few-cycle pulses in the important mid-IR wavelength range. The technique relies on strongly phase-mismatched cascaded second-harmonic generation (SHG) in mid-IR nonlinear frequency conversion crystals. Importantly we here investigate the so-called noncritical SHG case, where no phase matching can be achieved but as a compensation the largest quadratic nonlinearities are exploited. A self-defocusing temporal soliton can be excited if the cascading nonlinearity is larger than the competing material self-focusing nonlinearity, and we define a suitable figure of merit to screen a wide range of mid-IR dielectric and semiconductor materials with large effective second-order nonlinearities $d_{\rm eff}$. The best candidates have simultaneously a large bandgap and a large $d_{\rm eff}$. We show selected realistic numerical examples using one of the promising crystals: in one case soliton pulse compression from 50 fs to 15 fs (1.5 cycles) at $3.0\mic$ is achieved, and at the same time a 3-cycle dispersive wave at $5.0\mic$ is formed that can be isolated using a long-pass filter. In another example we show that extremely broadband supercontinua can form spanning the near-IR to the end of the mid-IR (nearly 4 octaves).