High resolution near-infrared imaging of submillimeter galaxies

TL;DR

This study uses HST near-infrared imaging to analyze the morphologies and stellar populations of ten submillimeter galaxies at redshifts 2.2 to 2.8, revealing evidence of mergers and diverse formation scenarios.

Contribution

First high-resolution near-infrared imaging of SMGs with morphological analysis and stellar mass estimates, providing insights into their merger-driven and cold accretion formation pathways.

Findings

Five SMGs identified as merging systems.

Higher asymmetry correlates with multiple-component morphologies.

Stellar masses range from 10^9.6 to 10^11.8 solar masses.

Abstract

We present F110W (~J) and F160W (~H) observations of ten submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST's) NICMOS camera. Our targets have optical redshifts in the range 2.20<z<2.81 confirmed by millimeter CO or mid-IR spectroscopy, guaranteeing that the two bands sample the rest-frame optical with the Balmer break falling between them. Eight of ten are detected in both bands, while two are detected in F160W only. We study their F160W morphologies, applying a maximum-deblending detection algorithm to distinguish multiple- from single-component configurations, leading to reassessments for several objects. Based on our NICMOS imaging and/or previous dynamical evidence we identify five SMGs as multiple sources, which we interpret as merging systems. Additionally, we calculate morphological parameters asymmetry (A) and Gini coefficient (G); thanks to our sample's limited redshift range we recover the trend that multiple-component, merger-like morphologies are reflected in higher asymmetries. We analyze the stellar populations of nine objects with F110W/F160W photometry, using archival HST optical data when available. For multiple systems, we are able to model the individual components that build up an SMG. With the available data we cannot discriminate among star formation histories, but we constrain stellar masses and mass ratios for merger-like SMG systems, obtaining a mean log(M_*/M_sun)=10.9+/-0.2 for our full sample, with individual values log(M_*/M_sun)~9.6-11.8. The morphologies and mass ratios of the least and most massive systems match the predictions of the major-merger and cold accretion SMG formation scenarios, respectively, suggesting that both channels may have a role in the population's origin.