Single-atom polarizer

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel single-atom polarizer that enables polarization filtering at the single-photon level, providing a quantum analog of Malus's law with controllable transmission based on atomic transition configurations.

Contribution

It presents a theoretical model and analysis of a single-atom polarizer using a four-level atom in a waveguide, advancing quantum polarization control techniques.

Findings

Transmission probability depends on atomic transition configuration

Analytic expressions for photon transmission spectrum derived

Potential applications in quantum information processing

Abstract

Traditional polarizer provides a way to convert an unknown polarization into a specified polarization. According to Malus, the intensity of the transmission is directly proportional to the square of the cosine of angle between the transmission axes of the polarizer and the incident polarization. There, the intensity refers to the collective behavior of many photons. Here we propose a novel approach to realizing polarization-filtering at single-photon level. We discuss how a single planepolarized photon transports through a polarized analyzer generated by a single atom (the so-called "single-atom polarizer"), and provide a single quantum version of Malus's law. We investigate the quantum scattering of a single photon by a controllable four-level atom inside a one-dimensional waveguide. By using real-space theoretical approach, we obtain analytic expressions of the transmission spectrum of the photon. Then, our numerical experiments show that the transmitted probability of the incident photon can be controlled by selecting the polarized-dependent transition configuration of the driven atom. The application of such a single-atom polarizer to linear optical quantum information processing is also discussed.