Polarization of photons scattered by electrons in any spectral distribution

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive quantum electrodynamics-based formalism to analyze photon polarization after scattering by electrons with various spectral distributions, revealing key polarization features useful for astrophysical models.

Contribution

It introduces a general polarization formalism applicable to any electron spectral distribution, extending previous models limited to specific electron states.

Findings

Polarization reduces significantly at large viewing angles with polarized incident beams.

Thermal electrons produce about half the polarization compared to power-law electrons.

Polarization peaks around 1 MeV incident photon energy, aiding model differentiation.

Abstract

Based on the quantum electrodynamics, we present a generic formalism of the polarization for beamed monochromatic photons scattered by electrons in any spectral distribution. The formulae reduce to the components of the Fano matrix when electrons are at rest. We mainly investigate the polarization in three scenarios, i.e., electrons at rest, isotropic electrons with a power law spectrum and thermal electrons. If the incident beam is polarized, the polarization is reduced significantly by isotropic electrons at large viewing angles, and the degree of polarization due to thermal electrons is about one times less than that of electrons in a power law. If the incident bean is unpolarized, soft $\gamma$-rays can lead to about 15% polarization at viewing angles around $\pi/4$. For isotropic electrons, one remarkable feature is that the polarization as a function of the incident photon energy always peaks roughly at 1 MeV, this is valid for both the thermal and power law cases. This feature can be used to distinguish the model of the inverse Compton scattering from that of the synchrotron radiation.