Establishment of thermodynamic equilibrium in cosmological model with an arbitrary acceleration

TL;DR

This paper develops a mathematical model to analyze how thermodynamic equilibrium is established in an accelerating universe with ultrarelativistic plasma, showing that complete equilibrium cannot be achieved if the universe accelerates positively.

Contribution

It introduces a new model for thermodynamic equilibrium in an accelerating cosmological universe considering particle interactions at high energies.

Findings

Thermodynamic equilibrium cannot be fully restored in a positively accelerating universe.

Scaling of particle interactions is assumed to be restored at energies above the unitarity limit.

The model applies to ultrarelativistic plasma in cosmological settings.

Abstract

It has been built a strict mathematical model of the thermodynamic equilibrium's establishment in the originally nonequilibrium cosmological ultrarelativistic plasma for the arbitrary accelerated Universe under the assumption that scaling of interactions of elementary particles is restored at energies above the unitary limit. It is shown, that in case of Universe positive acceleration, thermodynamic equilibrium never can be completely restored.