Observation of Entanglement-Dependent Two-Particle Holonomic Phase

TL;DR

This paper experimentally demonstrates how entanglement influences the holonomic phase in two-photon systems, revealing a transition from geometric to topological phases and suggesting a method to quantify quantum correlations.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental observation of entanglement-dependent holonomic phases in two entangled photons and shows their potential to quantify quantum correlations.

Findings

Holonomic phase transitions from geometric to topological with increasing entanglement.

Holonomic phases become more resilient to evolution changes as entanglement increases.

Holonomic phases can directly quantify quantum correlations.

Abstract

Holonomic phases---geometric and topological---have long been an intriguing aspect of physics. They are ubiquitous, ranging from observations in particle physics to applications in fault tolerant quantum computing. However, their exploration in particles sharing genuine quantum correlations lack in observations. Here we experimentally demonstrate the holonomic phase of two entangled-photons evolving locally, which nevertheless gives rise to an entanglement-dependent phase. We observe its transition from geometric to topological as the entanglement between the particles is tuned from zero to maximal, and find this phase to behave more resilient to evolution changes with increasing entanglement. Furthermore, we theoretically show that holonomic phases can directly quantify the amount of quantum correlations between the two particles. Our results open up a new avenue for observations of holonomic phenomena in multi-particle entangled quantum systems.