Pattern recognition of $^{136}$Xe double beta decay events and background discrimination in a high pressure Xenon TPC

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that topological analysis and automated algorithms in high pressure xenon TPCs can significantly reduce background noise, enhancing the detection of neutrinoless double beta decay events in 136Xe.

Contribution

It introduces a novel topological discrimination method using graph theory and automation to improve background rejection in xenon TPC detectors.

Findings

Background reduced by about three orders of magnitude.

Signal efficiency maintained at 40%.

Supports the feasibility of gas TPCs for double beta decay detection.

Abstract

High pressure gas detectors offer advantages for the detection of rare events, where background reduction is crucial. For the neutrinoless double beta decay of 136Xe a high pressure xenon gas Time Projection Chamber (TPC) combines a good energy resolution and a detailed topological information of each event. The ionization topology of the double beta decay event of 136Xe in gaseous xenon has a characteristic shape defined by the two straggling electron tracks ending up in two higher ionization charge density blobs. With a properly pixelized readout, this topological information is invaluable to perform powerful background discrimination. In this study we carry out detailed simulations of the signal topology, as well as the competing topologies from gamma events that typically compose the background at these energies. We define observables based on graph theory concepts and develop automated discrimination algorithms which reduce the background level in around three orders of magnitude while keeping signal efficiency of 40%. This result supports the competitiveness of current or future double beta experiments based on gas TPCs, like the Neutrino Xenon TPC (NEXT) currently under construction in the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC).