Mid-Infrared and X-ray luminosity correlations of X-ray point sources in NGC 1399

TL;DR

This study investigates the correlation between mid-infrared and X-ray luminosities of X-ray sources in NGC 1399, revealing that some sources with AGN-like IR flux ratios follow the L_{IR} ~ L_{X} relation, extending understanding of IR-X-ray correlations.

Contribution

It demonstrates the IR-X-ray luminosity correlation for certain X-ray sources in NGC 1399 and distinguishes sources based on IR flux ratios, extending the correlation to lower luminosities.

Findings

Sources with AGN-like IR flux ratios show L_{IR} ~ L_{X} correlation.

Sources without IR counterparts tend to have red optical colors.

Bright X-ray sources with IR counterparts are typically blue in optical color.

Abstract

It is known that the IR and X-ray luminosities of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are correlated with L_{IR} ~ L_{X}. Moreover, the IR flux ratio between the 5.8 and 3.6 \mu m bands is a good distinguishing characteristic of AGN or AGN-like behaviour. On the other hand, Galactic X-ray binaries (GXB) are under-luminous in the IR with L_{IR} << L_{X}. Since Ultra-luminous X-ray sources in nearby galaxies may be an intermediate class between AGN and GXB, it is interesting to study if their IR properties indicate which kind of objects they resemble. We use Spitzer IRAC images to identify mid-IR counterparts of bright X-ray sources, detected by Chandra in the elliptical galaxy NGC 1399. We find that for sources with AGN-like IR flux ratios, the IR luminosity strongly correlates with that in X-rays, L_{IR} ~ L_{X}, while for the others, there is no correlation between the two. Some of the former objects may be background AGN. If they are not strongly contaminated by background AGN, this result extends the IR-X-ray luminosity correlation down to L_{X} ~ 10^{39} ergs/s. We calculate their g-z colours and find that the bright X-ray sources with IR counterparts are typically blue in optical color. This is in contrast to typical X-ray sources, without IR counterparts which have predominantly red optical counterparts. We highlight the need for IR or optical spectra of these sources to distinguish background AGN and unveil the effect of the X-ray emission on the different environments of these systems.