High frequency electric field induced nonlinear effects in graphene (review)

TL;DR

This review discusses the nonlinear optical and optoelectronic effects in graphene, including harmonic generation, frequency mixing, and photocurrent generation, highlighting recent advances and theoretical models.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the physical mechanisms and recent progress in understanding graphene's nonlinear responses.

Findings

Summarizes recent experimental and theoretical developments.

Details physical mechanisms controlling nonlinear effects.

Highlights the importance of symmetry and microscopic models.

Abstract

The nonlinear optical and optoelectronic properties of graphene with the emphasis on the processes of harmonic generation, frequency mixing, photon drag and photogalvanic effects as well as generation of photocurrents due to coherent interference effects, are reviewed. The article presents the state-of-the-art of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established results. Various physical mechanisms controlling transport are described in depth including phenomenological description based on symmetry arguments, models visualizing physics of nonlinear responses, and microscopic theory of individual effects.