Propagation dynamics on the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices

TL;DR

This paper studies how momentum excitations propagate in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices, revealing the interplay between solitary waves and phonons, and how chaos influences their stability and decay.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the propagation and decay of solitary waves in FPU lattices, linking their stability to chaos measures and nonlinear parameters.

Findings

Long-lived solitary wave propagation with phonon tails at moderate nonlinearity

Decay rate of solitary waves exhibits two distinct scaling laws

Transition from weak to strong chaos affects wave stability and mean-free-path

Abstract

The spatiotemporal propagation of a momentum excitation on the finite Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices is investigated. The competition between the solitary wave and phonons gives rise to interesting propagation behaviors. For a moderate nonlinearity, the initially excited pulse may propagate coherently along the lattice for a long time in a solitary wave manner accompanied by phonon tails. The lifetime of the long-transient propagation state exhibits a sensitivity to the nonlinear parameter. The solitary wave decays exponentially during the final loss of stability, and the decay rate varying with the nonlinear parameter exhibits two different scaling laws. This decay is found to be related to the largest Lyapunov exponent of the corresponding Hamiltonian system, which manifests a transition from weak to strong chaos. The mean-free-path of the solitary waves is estimated in the strong chaos regime, which may be helpful to understand the origin of anomalous conductivity in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice.