Possible scenarios for eccentricity evolution in the extrasolar planetary system HD 181433

TL;DR

This study explores various scenarios, including planetary ejection, undetected planets, and stellar spin-down, to explain the eccentricity evolution of the HD 181433 system's planets.

Contribution

It provides N-body simulations and analysis of different mechanisms affecting eccentricity, highlighting the role of planetary scattering and stellar spin-down in orbital evolution.

Findings

Ejection of an additional giant planet can explain the high eccentricity of planet b.

Undetected planets are unlikely to produce the observed eccentricity through secular forcing.

Stellar spin-down can induce secular resonance, increasing eccentricity, but mutual scattering can counteract this effect.

Abstract

We analyse the dynamics of the multiple planet system HD 181433. This consists of two gas giant planets (c and d) with msin i = 0.65 MJup and 0.53 MJup orbiting with periods 975 and 2468 days, respectively. The two planets appear to be in a 5:2 mean motion resonance, as this is required for the system to be dynamically stable. A third planet with mass m_b sin i = 0.023 MJup orbits close to the star with orbital period 9.37 days. Each planet orbit is significantly eccentric, with current values estimated to be e_b = 0.39, e_c = 0.27 and e_d = 0.47. In this paper we assess different scenarios that may explain the origin of these eccentric orbits, with particular focus on the innermost body, noting that the large eccentricity of planet b cannot be explained through secular interaction with the outer pair. We consider a scenario in which the system previously contained an additional giant planet that was ejected during a period of dynamical instability among the planets. N-body simulations are presented that demonstrate that during scattering and ejection among the outer planets a close encounter between a giant and the inner body can raise e_b to its observed value. We consider the possibility that an undetected planet in the system increases the secular forcing of planet b by the exterior giant planets, but we find that the resulting eccentricity is not large enough to agree with the observed one. We also consider a scenario in which the spin-down of the central star causes the system to pass through secular resonance. Spin-down rates below the critical value lead to longterm capture of planet b in secular resonance, driving the eccentricity toward unity. If additional short-period low mass planets are present in the system, however, we find that mutual scattering can release planet b from the secular resonance, leading to a system with orbital parameters similar to those observed today.