Effective Valence Quark Model and a Possible Dip in $d Br(B \to K \ell \bar{\ell})/dq^2$

TL;DR

This paper investigates a new contribution to rare B meson decays involving spectator quark photon emission, predicting observable differences in decay distributions and a potential dip in the decay rate due to interference effects.

Contribution

It introduces a semi-classical valence quark model to estimate spectator quark photon emission effects, highlighting a novel interference-induced dip in decay rates.

Findings

Possible dip in $d ightarrow K ar{ u} u$ decay rate at small $q^2$

Observable differences between $B^0$ and $B^+$ decay distributions

Spectator quark photon emission can significantly affect decay spectra

Abstract

In rare $B$ meson decays $B\rightarrow K \ell^+ \ell^-$, a possible contribution of $\ell^+\ell^-$ emission via photon from the "spectator" quark $q$ ($q=u,d$) in the $B$ meson $(q\bar{b})$ is investigated in addition to the conventional one $\bar{b} \rightarrow \bar{s} +\gamma \rightarrow \bar{s}+\ell^+ + \ell^-$. If such a contribution is sizable compared with the standard estimation of $B\rightarrow K \ell^+ \ell^-$, we will observe visible difference between $d \Gamma(B^0\rightarrow K^0 \ell^+ \ell^-)/d q^2$ and $d \Gamma(B^+\rightarrow K^+ \ell^+ \ell^-)/d q^2$ in $q^2$ dependence ($q^2 \equiv m_{\ell\ell}^2$). Besides, as a result of the interference between the conventional one and a new one, a dip appears in $d \Gamma(B\rightarrow K \ell^+ \ell^-)/d q^2$ at a small region of $q^2$. The interference effect in the $B^0$ decay will also be observed differently from that in the $B^+$ decay. The calculation is done based on a semi-classical approach, a valence quark model. In the present model, the photon emission from the spectator quark $q$, $d \rightarrow d+\gamma$ ($u \rightarrow u+\gamma$) is independent of the $b$-$s$ transition mechanism, and the characteristic results are due to a straightforward estimate of the quark propagator which cannot be incorporated into the factorization method. The model is not a valence quark "dominant" model, so that, for example, the valence quarks in the final state carry only $24\%$ of the energy-momentum of the kaon.