Dynamical Mean Field Approximation Applied to Quantum Field Theory

TL;DR

This paper applies the Dynamical Mean Field approximation to scalar phi^4 quantum field theory, evaluating its accuracy across dimensions and comparing it with other methods, revealing its strengths and limitations in predicting phase transitions and critical behavior.

Contribution

The study extends DMFT to quantum field theory, systematically analyzing its performance in different dimensions and improving understanding of phase transition predictions.

Findings

DMFT predicts first order transitions in 2D and 3D, which is problematic.

In 4D, DMFT captures the second order transition at small couplings.

In 5D and higher, DMFT yields qualitatively correct results and better critical couplings than mean field theory.

Abstract

We apply the Dynamical Mean Field (DMFT) approximation to the real, scalar phi^4 quantum field theory. By comparing to lattice Monte Carlo calculations, perturbation theory and standard mean field theory, we test the quality of the approximation in two, three, four and five dimensions. The quantities considered in these tests are the critical coupling for the transition to the ordered phase and the associated critical exponents nu and beta. We also map out the phase diagram in four dimensions. In two and three dimensions, DMFT incorrectly predicts a first order phase transition for all bare quartic couplings, which is problematic, because the second order nature of the phase transition of lattice phi^4-theory is crucial for taking the continuum limit. Nevertheless, by extrapolating the behaviour away from the phase transition, one can obtain critical couplings and critical exponents. They differ from those of mean field theory and are much closer to the correct values. In four dimensions the transition is second order for small quartic couplings and turns weakly first order as the coupling increases beyond a tricritical value. In dimensions five and higher, DMFT gives qualitatively correct results, predicts reasonable values for the critical exponents and considerably more accurate critical couplings than standard mean field theory. The approximation works best for small values of the quartic coupling. We investigate the change from first to second order transition in the local limit of DMFT which is computationally much less intensive. We also discuss technical issues related to the convergence of the non-linear self-consistency equation solver and the solution of the effective single-site model using Fourier-space Monte Carlo updates in the presence of a phi^4-interaction.