Nonlocal refuge model with a partial control

TL;DR

This paper studies the positive solutions of a nonlocal population model with partial control, providing criteria for existence and analyzing how refuge zones affect the solutions.

Contribution

It offers a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a unique positive solution and examines the impact of refuge zones on the solution set.

Findings

Established criteria for unique positive solutions.

Analyzed the influence of refuge zones on solutions.

Provided insights into population dynamics with partial control.

Abstract

In this paper, we analyse the structure of the set of positive solutions of an heterogeneous nonlocal equation of the form: $$ \int_{\Omega} K(x, y)u(y)\,dy -\int_ {\Omega}K(y, x)u(x)\, dy + a_0u+\lambda a_1(x)u -\beta(x)u^p=0 \quad \text{in}\quad \times \O$$ where $\Omega\subset \R^n$ is a bounded open set, $K\in C(\R^n\times \R^n) $ is nonnegative, $a_i,\beta \in C(\Omega)$ and $\lambda\in\R$. Such type of equation appears in some studies of population dynamics where the above solutions are the stationary states of the dynamic of a spatially structured population evolving in a heterogeneous partially controlled landscape and submitted to a long range dispersal. Under some fairly general assumptions on $K,a_i$ and $\beta$ we first establish a necessary and sufficient criterium for the existence of a unique positive solution. Then we analyse the structure of the set of positive solution $(\lambda,u_\lambda)$ with respect to the presence or absence of a refuge zone (i.e $\omega$ so that $\beta_{|\omega}\equiv 0$).